A Daily Dose of History (26 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar. Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sasanian Empire. Pope Benedict II is chosen. En no Ozuno, a Japanese mystic and apothecary who will later be regarded as the founder of a folk religion Shugendō, is banished to Izu Ōshima. Mongols defeat the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Köse Dağ. Przemysł II crowned king of Poland, following Ducal period. The white eagle is added to the Polish coat of arms. Ulrich von Jungingen becomes Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. Western Schism: The Roman Catholic Church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon. Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and Edward, Earl of March, land in England with a rebel army and march on London. Richard III becomes King of England. Ottomans begin the second Siege of Rhodes. Francisco Pizarro is assassinated in Lima by the son of his former companion and later antagonist, Diego de Almagro the younger. Almagro is later caught and executed. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (25 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine. At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany. Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War. Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua. Maria Theresa is crowned Queen of Hungary. Gavriil Pribylov discovers St. George Island of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea. Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution. A photograph of the June Days uprising becomes the first known instance of photojournalism. Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (24 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Rome. Julius Nepos forces Roman usurper Glycerius to abdicate the throne and proclaims himself Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The Battle of Moira is fought between the High King of Ireland and the Kings of Ulster and Dál Riata. It is claimed to be the largest battle in the history of Ireland. The Vikings sack French city of Nantes. Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces, takes place. Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães: Forces led by Afonso I defeat forces led by his mother Teresa of León and her lover Fernando Pérez de Traba. The Siege of Jaén begins, in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn concludes with a decisive victory by Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce. Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys: The French fleet is almost completely destroyed by the English fleet commanded in person by King Edward III. A sudden outbreak of St. John's Dance causes people in the streets of Aachen, Germany, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion. John Cabot lands in North America at Newfoundland leading the first European exploration of the region since the Vikings. Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon are crowned King and Queen of England. The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded. English King Henry VIII commands his 4th wife, Anne of Cleves, to leave the court. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (23 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. The Spanish Reconquista: In the Battle of Moclín the Emirate of Granada ambush a superior pursuing force, killing most of them in a military disaster for the Kingdom of Castile. A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge. First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins. Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France sign the "Treaty of Closer Amity With France" (also known as the Pommeraye treaty), pledging mutual aid against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta. The Action of Faial, Azores. The Portuguese carrack Cinco Chagas, loaded with slaves and treasure, is attacked and sunk by English ships with only 13 survivors out of over 700 on board. The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again. William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania. The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (22 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars led by Krum defeat the Byzantine army near Edirne. Emperor Michael I is forced to abdicate in favor of Leo V the Armenian. The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army near the Rednitz River, killing its leader Gebhard, Duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine). Fatahillah expels Portuguese forces from Sunda Kelapa, now regarded as the foundation of Jakarta. Battle of Sisak: Allied Christian troops defeat the Ottomans. The Holy Office in Rome forces Galileo Galilei to recant his view that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the Universe in the form he presented it in, after heated controversy. The British pass the Quebec Act, setting out rules of governance for the colony of Quebec in British North America. A poisonous cloud caused by the eruption of the Laki volcano in Iceland reaches Le Havre in France. In the Chesapeake-Leopard affair, the British warship HMS Leopard attacks and boards the American frigate USS Chesapeake. War of 1812: After learning of American plans for a surprise attack on Beaver Dams in Ontario, Laura Secord sets out on a 30 kilometer journey on foot to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon. The United States Department of Justice is created by the U.S. Congress. The Royal Navy battleship HMS Camperdown accidentally rams the British Mediterranean Fleet flagship HMS Victoria which sinks taking 358 crew with her, including the fleet's commander, Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon. British colonial officers Charles Walter Rand and Lt. Charles Egerton Ayerst are assassinated in Pune, Maharashtra, India by the Chapekar brothers and Mahadeo Vinayak Ranade, who are later caught and hanged. Spanish-American War: In a chaotic operation, 6,000 men of the U.S. Fifth Army Corps begins landing at Daiquirí, Cuba, about 16 miles (26 km) east of Santiago de Cuba. Lt. Gen. Arsenio Linares y Pombo of the Spanish Army outnumbers them two-to-one, but does not oppose the landings. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (21 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mongols and Wuzong of the Yuan. French forces are driven out of northern Italy by Spain at the Battle of Landriano during the War of the League of Cognac. Sengoku period: Oda Nobunaga, the most powerful of the Japanese daimyōs, is forced to commit suicide by his own general Akechi Mitsuhide. Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain. In Montreal in New France, a slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique is put to death, having been convicted of setting the fire that destroyed much of the city. Halifax, Nova Scotia, is founded. James Otis Jr. offends the King and Parliament in a speech to the Massachusetts General Court. New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the Constitution of the United States. King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family begin the Flight to Varennes during the French Revolution. Irish Rebellion of 1798: The British Army defeats Irish rebels at the Battle of Vinegar Hill. Peninsular War: Wellington defeats Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria. Greek War of Independence: Egyptian forces capture Psara in the Aegean Sea. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (20 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan. The Sack of Baltimore: The Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates. Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha is appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater. A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta. The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States. Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the 'United States'. Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath. King Louis XVI, disguised as a valet, and the French royal family attempt to flee Paris during the French Revolution. The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (19 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle changes the tide of the civil wars. The Earl of Pembroke's army defeats Bruce's Scottish army at the Battle of Methven. English colonists leave Roanoke Island, after failing to establish England's first permanent settlement in North America. At least 73,000 people died in the 1718 Tongwei-Gansu earthquake due to landslides in the Qing dynasty. New Church Day: Emanuel Swedenborg writes: "The Lord sent forth His twelve disciples, who followed Him in the world into the whole spiritual world to preach the Gospel that the Lord God Jesus Christ reigns. This took place on the 19th day of June, in the year 1770." War of the Second Coalition Battle of Höchstädt results in a French victory over Austria. Battle of Seven Oaks between North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company, near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Decisive defeat of the Filiki Eteria by the Ottomans at Drăgășani (in Wallachia). The first officially recorded, organized baseball game is played under Alexander Cartwright's rules on Hoboken, New Jersey's Elysian Fields with the New York Base Ball Club defeating the Knickerbockers 23-1. Cartwright umpired. Princess Louise of the Netherlands marries Crown Prince Karl of Sweden-Norway. The U.S. Congress prohibits slavery in United States territories, nullifying Dred Scott v. Sandford. Over two years after the Emancipation Proclamation, slaves in Galveston, Texas, United States, are finally informed of their freedom. The anniversary was officially celebrated in Texas and other states as Juneteenth. On June 17, 2021, Juneteenth officially became a federal holiday in the United States. Maximilian I of the Second Mexican Empire is executed by a firing squad in Querétaro, Querétaro. The Herzegovinian rebellion against the Ottoman Empire begins. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (17 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. Geoffrey V of Anjou, known as Plantagenet, marries Matilda, daughter of Henry I, King of England, and widow of the Emperor Henry V. Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burnt in Paris. The Kalmar Union is formed under the rule of Margaret I of Denmark. Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II (The Night Attack at Târgovişte), forcing him to retreat from Wallachia. Battle of Deptford Bridge: Forces under King Henry VII defeat troops led by Michael An Gof. Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru. Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls Nova Albion (modern California) for England. The Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz discovers the Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen. Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, will spend the next 17 years building her mausoleum, the Taj Mahal. Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secured independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (16 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king (shah) of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran). Ming-Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son King Hồ Hán Thương of Hồ dynasty are captured by the Ming armies. Battle of Stoke Field: King Henry VII of England defeats the leaders of a Yorkist rebellion in the final engagement of the Wars of the Roses. War of the Austrian Succession: New England colonial troops under the command of William Pepperrell capture the Fortress of Louisbourg in Louisbourg, New France (Old Style date). War of the Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza. French and Indian War: The French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians. French and Indian War: Robert Rogers and his Rangers surprise French held Fort Sainte Thérèse on the Richelieu River near Lake Champlain. The fort is raided and burned. Spain declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Great Siege of Gibraltar begins. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (15 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy. The naval Battle of Fimreite is won by the Birkebeiner pretender Sverre Sigurdsson. Sigurdsson takes the Norwegian throne and King Magnus V of Norway is killed. King John of England puts his seal to Magna Carta. Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lindanise (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia. With the death of Frederick II, Duke of Austria, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria. At the Battle of Rozgony, King Charles I of Hungary wins a decisive victory over the family of Palatine Amade Aba. Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians. Ottoman Interregnum: Süleyman Çelebi defeats his brother Musa Çelebi outside the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Martinique on his fourth voyage. Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in Exsurge Domine. Colonists finished building James's Fort, to defend against Spanish and Indian attacks. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (14 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon conquers over half of the kingdom. While taking exile in Fuzhou, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for Emperor Duanzong. Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam: Forces led by Prince Trần Quang Khải of the Trần dynasty destroy most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong. Kublai Khan defeats the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria. Richard II of England meets leaders of Peasants' Revolt at Mile End. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance. Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr, having declared himself Prince of Wales, allies himself with the French against King Henry IV of England. Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. in Amsterdam (approximate date). English Civil War: Battle of Naseby: Twelve thousand Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers. The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet in the Second Anglo-Dutch War ends. It had lasted for five days and resulted in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy. King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront the former King James II. American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Armed Forces. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (13 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. Ibn Battuta begins his travels, leaving his home in Tangiers to travel to Mecca (gone 24 years). In England, the Peasants' Revolt, led by Wat Tyler, comes to a head, as rebels set fire to the Savoy Palace. Henry Grace à Dieu, at over 1,000 tons the largest warship in the world at this time, built at the new Woolwich Dockyard in England, is dedicated. Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for priests and nuns. King Charles I of England marries Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France and Navarre, at Canterbury. Georgia provincial governor James Oglethorpe begins an unsuccessful attempt to take Spanish Florida during the Siege of St. Augustine. Rhode Island becomes the first of Britain's North American colonies to ban the importation of slaves. American Revolutionary War: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army. Lewis and Clark Expedition: Scouting ahead of the expedition, Meriwether Lewis and four companions sight the Great Falls of the Missouri River. Twentieth opera of Giuseppe Verdi, Les vêpres siciliennes ("The Sicilian Vespers"), is premiered in Paris. The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack. A fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (11 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle of the rain". Emperor Taizong of Tang sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing gold and silk in order to seek the release of Chinese prisoners captured during the transition from Sui to Tang. A Hasanid Alid uprising in Mecca is crushed by the Abbasids at the Battle of Fakhkh. Vladimir the Great consolidates the Kievan realm from Ukraine to the Baltic Sea. He is proclaimed ruler (knyaz) of all Kievan Rus'. Lombard Revolt: Greek citizens of Bari rise up against the Lombard rebels led by Melus and deliver the city to Basil Mesardonites, Byzantine governor (catepan) of the Catepanate of Italy. Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, captures Azaz from the Seljuk Turks. Albert I of Brandenburg, also called The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), becomes the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, Germany and the first margrave. The megas doux Alexios Apokaukos, chief minister of the Byzantine Empire, is lynched by political prisoners. Hundred Years' War: Start of the Battle of Jargeau. Battle of Sauchieburn: Fought between rebel Lords and James III of Scotland, resulting in the death of the king. Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon. Don Tristan de Luna y Arellano sails for Florida with party of 1,500, intending to settle on gulf coast (Vera Cruz, Mexico). Philip II recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paved way to the stabilization of the rule of the Principalía (an elite ruling class of native nobility in Spanish Philippines). Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (10 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock (clepsydra) called Rokoku. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the river Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem. The Battle of Pelekanon results in a Byzantine defeat by the Ottoman Empire. Copenhagen is surrounded by the army of Frederick I of Denmark, as the city will not recognise him as the successor of Christian II of Denmark. Willem Barents and Jacob van Heemskerk discover Bear Island. Thirty Years' War: Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt. Signing of the Treaty of Compiègne between France and the Netherlands. Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft and Sorceries". Jacobite risings: Battle of Glen Shiel. King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) is crowned. French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (09 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Nero commits suicide, after quoting Vergil's Aeneid, thus ending the Julio-Claudian dynasty and starting the civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors in the Battle of Toulouse. Duccio's Maestà, a seminal artwork of the early Italian Renaissance, is unveiled and installed in Siena Cathedral in Siena, Italy. The Parisian Faculty of Theology fines Simon de Colines for publishing the Biblical commentary Commentarii initiatorii in quatuor Evangelia by Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. Jacques Cartier is the first European to describe and map the Saint Lawrence River. Second Anglo-Dutch War: The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet begins. It lasts for five days and results in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy. James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of the future U.S. state of Georgia. The British schooner Gaspee is burned in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battles of Arklow and Saintfield. End of the Congress of Vienna: The new European political situation is set. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (08 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces as he heads for Rome. Vikings raid the abbey at Lindisfarne in Northumbria, commonly accepted as the beginning of Norse activity in the British Isles. Edward the Confessor becomes King of England - the country's penultimate Anglo-Saxon king. Richard I arrives in Acre, beginning the Third Crusade. Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese victory at the Battle of Ameixial ensures Portugal's independence from Spain. Alexander Fordyce flees to France to avoid debt repayment, triggering the credit crisis of 1772 in the British Empire and the Dutch Republic. American Revolutionary War: Continental Army attackers are driven back at the Battle of Trois-Rivières. Laki, a volcano in Iceland, begins an eight-month eruption which kills over 9,000 people and starts a seven-year famine. James Madison introduces twelve proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in Congress. Maximilien Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution's new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France. A group of 194 Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the mutineers of HMS Bounty, arrives at Norfolk Island, commencing the Third Settlement of the Island. American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union. American Civil War: Battle of Cross Keys: Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson save the Army of Northern Virginia from a Union assault on the James Peninsula led by General George B. McClellan. Coronation of Franz Joseph as King of Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian compromise (Ausgleich). Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (07 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. Henry II, a cousin of Emperor Otto III, is elected and crowned King of Germany. First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins. Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine, ending the independence of the Patria del Friuli. Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries. The Petition of Right, a major English constitutional document, is granted the Royal Assent by Charles I and becomes law. Port Royal, Jamaica, is hit by a catastrophic earthquake; in just three minutes, 1,600 people are killed and 3,000 are seriously injured. Richard Henry Lee presents the "Lee Resolution" to the Continental Congress. The motion is seconded by John Adams and will lead to the United States Declaration of Independence. French Revolution: Day of the Tiles: Civilians in Grenoble toss roof tiles and various objects down upon royal troops. David Thompson reaches the mouth of the Saskatchewan River in Manitoba. The newspaper Gazeta de Buenos Ayres is first published in Argentina. The Great Reform Act of England and Wales receives royal assent. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (06 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Constantine VII, the 8-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed by Constantine's uncle Alexander III on his deathbed. Battle of Novara. In the Italian Wars, Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis II de la Trémoille, forcing them to abandon Milan; Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored. Swedish regent Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden and, marking a symbolic end to the Kalmar Union, 6 June is designated the country's national day. Swedish Queen Christina abdicated her throne in favour of her cousin Charles Gustav and converted to Catholicism. In the Seven Years' War, British forces begin the Siege of Havana and temporarily capture the city. The Battle of Stoney Creek, considered a critical turning point in the War of 1812. A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force twice its size under William Winder and John Chandler. Alexis St Martin is accidentally shot in the stomach, leading to William Beaumont's studies on digestion. The June Rebellion in Paris is put down by the National Guard. The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in London. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (05 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles of Salerno. The Battle of Worringen ends the War of the Limburg Succession, with John I, Duke of Brabant, being one of the more important victors. The masque Tethys' Festival is performed at Whitehall Palace to celebrate the investiture of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. The Qing dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor take Beijing during the collapse of the Ming dynasty. The Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread the United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated. The first Great Lakes steamer, the Frontenac, is launched. HMS Pickle captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba. The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis Philippe. Houston is incorporated by the Republic of Texas. Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy by the signing of a new constitution. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (04 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedral of London, is destroyed in a fire caused by lightning and is never rebuilt. Siege of Osaka: Forces under Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan. Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession. The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon). Élisabeth Thible becomes the first woman to fly in an untethered hot air balloon. Her flight covers four kilometres in 45 minutes, and reached 1,500 metres altitude (estimated). Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for the Kingdom of Great Britain. King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (03 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators. The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, deposed and sent into exile by conspirators of the Opsikion army in Thrace. He is succeeded by Anastasios II, who begins the reorganization of the Byzantine army. After 5-month siege during the First Crusade, the Crusaders seize Antioch (today's Turkey). The French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy. The Treaty of Novgorod delineates borders between Russia and Norway in Finnmark. Hernando de Soto claims Florida for Spain. An English naval force defeats a fleet of Spanish galleys, and captures a large Portuguese carrack at the Battle of Sesimbra Bay Samuel de Champlain lands at Tadoussac, Quebec, in the course of his third voyage to New France, and begins erecting fortifications. The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherland. Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France. James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England), defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Lowestoft. Jack Jouett begins his midnight ride to warn Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature of an impending raid by Banastre Tarleton. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (02 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. London: Virginia gets new charter, extending borders from "sea to sea". The first Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France. Franco-Dutch War: France ensured the supremacy of its naval fleet for the remainder of the war with its victory in the Battle of Palermo. Bridget Bishop is the first person to be tried for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts; she was found guilty and later hanged. Pontiac's Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort. Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided. Gordon Riots anti Catholic riots in London resulting in an estimated 300-700 deaths. French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror. Napoleonic Wars: A Franco-Spanish fleet recaptures Diamond Rock, an uninhabited island at the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, from the British. The Slavic congress in Prague begins. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (01 Jun 2025) Today's historical events: Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. Residents of Riga and Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. A monk, John Cor, records the first known batch of Scotch whisky.[citation needed] Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England. Combined forces loyal to Charles V attack and expel the Ottomans from Tunis during the Conquest of Tunis. The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War. In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War. Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675-79). The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog. Wolraad Woltemade rescues 14 sailors at the Cape of Good Hope from the sinking ship De Jonge Thomas by riding his horse into the sea seven times. Both he and his horse, Vonk, drowned on his eighth attempt. The court-martial for malfeasance of Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, begins. Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (31 May 2025) Today's historical events: Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome. Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat Kievan Rus' and Cumans. King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont Neuf (New Bridge), the oldest bridge of Paris, France. Citing poor eyesight as a reason, Samuel Pepys records the last event in his diary. American Revolution: The Mecklenburg Resolves are adopted in the Province of North Carolina. Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The United States enacts its first copyright statute, the Copyright Act of 1790. French Revolution: The Revolutionary Tribunal is suppressed. French and Spanish forces begin the assault against British forces occupying Diamond Rock, Martinique. In Australia, William Lawson, Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth reach Mount Blaxland, effectively marking the end of a route across the Blue Mountains. The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament, which houses Big Ben, starts keeping time. American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: Confederate forces under Joseph E. Johnston and G.W. Smith engage Union forces under George B. McClellan outside the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. American Civil War: Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor: The Army of Northern Virginia engages the Army of the Potomac. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (30 May 2025) Today's historical events: Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres. Beginning of the Peasants' Revolt in England. The Council of Constance, called by Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, burns Jerome of Prague following a trial for heresy. Hundred Years' War: In Rouen, France, the 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal. The Roman Catholic Church remembers this day as the celebration of Saint Joan of Arc. Hussite Wars: Battle of Lipany: Effectively ending the war, Utraquist forces led by Diviš Bořek of Miletínek defeat and almost annihilate Taborite forces led by Prokop the Great. During the reign of the Zhengde Emperor, Ming dynasty rebel leader Zhu Zhifan is defeated by commander Qiu Yue, ending the Prince of Anhua rebellion. King Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour, a lady-in-waiting to his first two wives. In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal of finding gold. Henry III becomes King of France. The last ship of the Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel. Publication of Gazette de France, the first French newspaper. Thirty Years' War: The Peace of Prague is signed. From this date all honors granted by Charles I of England are retroactively annulled by Parliament. Future U.S. President Andrew Jackson kills Charles Dickinson in a duel. The First Treaty of Paris is signed, returning the French frontiers to their 1792 extent, and restoring the House of Bourbon to power. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (29 May 2025) Today's historical events: The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under the command of Tamim ibn Yusuf defeat a Castile and León alliance under the command of Prince Sancho Alfónsez. Battle of Monte Porzio: A Roman army supporting Pope Alexander III is defeated by Christian of Buch and Rainald of Dassel. Battle of Legnano: The Lombard League defeats Emperor Frederick I. Mongol-Jin War: The Mongols entered Kaifeng after a successful siege and began looting in the fallen capital of the Jin dynasty. Philip VI is crowned King of France. Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih capture Constantinople after a 53-day siege, ending the Byzantine Empire. Battle of Samugarh: decisive battle in the struggle for the throne during the Mughal war of succession (1658-1659). English Restoration: Charles II is restored to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland. The right of settlers in New France to enslave natives is upheld at Quebec City. American Revolutionary War: At the Battle of Waxhaws, the British continue attacking after the Continentals lay down their arms, killing 113 and critically wounding all but 53 that remained. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (28 May 2025) Today's historical events: Battle of Hulao: Li Shimin, the son of the Chinese emperor Gaozu, defeats the numerically superior forces of Dou Jiande near the Hulao Pass (Henan). This victory decides the outcome of the civil war that followed the Sui dynasty's collapse in favour of the Tang dynasty. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, declares the marriage of King Henry VIII of England to Anne Boleyn valid. The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, heading for the English Channel. (It will take until May 30 for all ships to leave port.) English Civil War: Bolton Massacre by Royalist troops under the command of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby. French and Indian War: In the first engagement of the war, Virginia militia under the 22-year-old Lieutenant colonel George Washington defeat a French reconnaissance party in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in what is now Fayette County in southwestern Pennsylvania. In Guadeloupe, 400 rebellious slaves, led by Louis Delgrès, blow themselves up rather than submit to Napoleon's troops. U.S. President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act which denies Native Americans their land rights and forcibly relocates them. The Paris Commune falls after two months. In San Francisco, John Muir organizes the Sierra Club. Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Tsushima ends with the destruction of the Russian Baltic Fleet by Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō and the Imperial Japanese Navy. The first Isle of Man TT race is held. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the First Republic of Armenia declare their independence. The 28 May 1926 coup d'état: Ditadura Nacional is established in Portugal to suppress the unrest of the First Republic. In the Netherlands, construction of the Afsluitdijk is completed and the Zuiderzee bay is converted to the freshwater IJsselmeer. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (27 May 2025) Today's historical events: Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland. John is crowned King of England. Richard of Cornwall, and his wife, Sanchia of Provence, are crowned King and Queen of the Germans at Aachen Cathedral. Manchu regent Dorgon defeats rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer the capital city of Beijing. Tsar Peter the Great founds the city of Saint Petersburg. The Battle of Oulart Hill takes place in Wexford, Ireland; Irish rebel leaders defeat and kill a detachment of militia. War of the Second Coalition: Austrian forces defeat the French at Winterthur, Switzerland. War of 1812: In Canada, American forces capture Fort George. Giuseppe Garibaldi begins his attack on Palermo, Sicily, as part of the Italian unification. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (26 May 2025) Today's historical events: Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire takes place. The Sasanids defeat the Armenians militarily but guarantee them freedom to openly practice Christianity. King Edmund I of England is murdered by a thief whom he personally attacks while celebrating St Augustine's Mass Day. King Otto I elects his six-year-old son Otto II as heir apparent and co-ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom. He is crowned at Aachen, and placed under the tutelage of his grandmother Matilda. Alfonso VII of León and Castile is crowned in León Cathedral as Imperator totius Hispaniae (Emperor of all of Spain). An earthquake strikes Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan, killing about 23,000. William of Ockham, the Franciscan Minister-General Michael of Cesena, and two other Franciscan leaders secretly leave Avignon, fearing a death sentence from Pope John XXII. Geneva expels John Calvin and his followers from the city. Calvin lives in exile in Strasbourg for the next three years. The Battle of Haarlemmermeer, a naval engagement in the Dutch War of Independence. Pequot War: A combined English and Mohegan force under John Mason attacks a village in Connecticut, massacring approximately 500 Pequots. Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese and Spanish forces both claim victory in the Battle of Montijo. The Battle of Ackia is fought near the present site of Tupelo, Mississippi. British and Chickasaw soldiers repel a French and Choctaw attack on the then-Chickasaw village of Ackia. A Great Jubilee Day held at North Stratford, Connecticut, celebrates the end of fighting in the American Revolution. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (25 May 2025) Today's historical events: Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo, Spain, back from the Moors. Henry the Navigator is appointed governor of the Order of Christ. The Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Edict of Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw. Ming general Wu Sangui forms an alliance with the invading Manchus and opens the gates of the Great Wall of China at Shanhaiguan pass, letting the Manchus through towards the capital Beijing. Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth of England. Charles II lands at Dover at the invitation of the Convention Parliament, which marks the end of the Cromwell-proclaimed Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland and begins the Restoration of the British monarchy. A treaty between Pennsylvania and Maryland ends the Conojocular War with settlement of a boundary dispute and exchange of prisoners. After a delay of 11 days, the United States Constitutional Convention formally convenes in Philadelphia after a quorum of seven states is secured. United Irishmen Rebellion: Battle of Carlow begins; executions of suspected rebels at Carnew and at Dunlavin Green take place. Chuquisaca Revolution: Patriot revolt in Chuquisaca (modern-day Sucre) against the Spanish Empire, sparking the Latin American wars of independence. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (24 May 2025) Today's historical events: The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. Magnus Ladulås is crowned King of Sweden in Uppsala Cathedral. The ten-year-old Lambert Simnel is crowned in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Ireland, with the name of Edward VI in a bid to threaten King Henry VII's reign. Erik XIV of Sweden and his guards murder five incarcerated Swedish nobles. Nomenclator of Leiden University Library appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library. One hundred-five English settlers under the leadership of Captain Christopher Newport established the colony called Jamestown at the mouth of the James River on the Virginia coast, the first permanent English colony in America. The Protestant Union is formally dissolved. Peter Minuit buys Manhattan. The French Royal Army crosses the border into the Spanish Netherlands, starting the War of Devolution opposing France to the Spanish Empire and the Triple Alliance. The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, England, opens as the world's first university museum. The English Parliament passes the Act of Toleration protecting dissenting Protestants but excluding Roman Catholics. John Wesley is converted, essentially launching the Methodist movement; the day is celebrated annually by Methodists as Aldersgate Day and a church service is generally held on the preceding Sunday. The Irish Rebellion of 1798 led by the United Irishmen against British rule begins. South American independence leader Simón Bolívar enters Mérida, leading the invasion of Venezuela, and is proclaimed El Libertador ("The Liberator"). Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (23 May 2025) Today's historical events: Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction. Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy. The marriage of King Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon is declared null and void. Dutch rebels led by Louis of Nassau, defeat Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg, and his loyalist troops in the Battle of Heiligerlee, opening the Eighty Years' War. Official ratification of the Second Virginia Charter takes place. The Second Defenestration of Prague precipitates the Thirty Years' War. John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeats a French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy at the Battle of Ramillies. South Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution as the eighth American state. Battle of Famars during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition. Accordion patent granted to Cyrill Demian in Vienna, Austrian Empire. Declaration of the Báb the evening before the 23rd: A merchant of Shiraz announces that he is a Prophet and founds a religious movement that would later be brutally crushed by the Persian government. He is considered to be a forerunner of the Baháʼí Faith; Baháʼís celebrate the day as a holy day. Mexican-American War: President Mariano Paredes of Mexico unofficially declares war on the United States. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (21 May 2025) Today's historical events: Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as Caesar to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy. Syracuse, Sicily, is captured by the Muslim Aghlabids after a nine-month siege. Pope John VIII gives blessings to Branimir of Croatia and to the Croatian people, considered to be international recognition of the Croatian state. Sixteen-year-old Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. Dušan's Code, the constitution of the Serbian Empire, is enacted by Dušan the Mighty. Henry III of Castile sends Ruy González de Clavijo as ambassador to Timur to discuss the possibility of an alliance between Timur and Castile against the Ottoman Empire. Queen Mary I grants a royal charter to Derby School, as a grammar school for boys in Derby, England. In the Concert of The Hague, the Dutch Republic, the Commonwealth of England and the Kingdom of France set out their views on how the Second Northern War should end. The Battle of Long Sault concludes after five days in which French colonial militia, with their Huron and Algonquin allies, are defeated by the Iroquois Confederacy. The nobility elect John Sobieski King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Daniel Defoe is imprisoned on charges of seditious libel. The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky is instituted in Russia by Empress Catherine I. It would later be discontinued and then reinstated by the Soviet government in 1942 as the Order of Alexander Nevsky. Ten-year-old Mary Campbell is abducted in Pennsylvania by Lenape during the French and Indian War. She is returned six and a half years later. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (20 May 2025) Today's historical events: The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed Augusta is able to choose her successor for the Byzantine throne, after Zeno (late emperor) dies of dysentery. The Battle of Dun Nechtain is fought between a Pictish army under King Bridei III and the invading Northumbrians under King Ecgfrith, who are decisively defeated. While visiting the royal Mercian court at Sutton Walls with a view to marrying princess Ælfthryth, King Æthelberht II of East Anglia is taken captive and beheaded. The Second Battle of Lincoln is fought near Lincoln, England, resulting in the defeat of Prince Louis of France by William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Estudio de Escuelas de Generales in Alcalá de Henares. The Battle of Alfarrobeira is fought, establishing the House of Braganza as a principal royal family of Portugal. John Cabot sets sail from Bristol, England, on his ship Matthew looking for a route to the west (other documents give a May 2 date). Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama discovers the sea route to India when he arrives at Kozhikode (previously known as Calicut), India. Hernando Cortes defeats Panfilo de Narvaez, sent by Spain to punish him for insubordination. Ignatius of Loyola is seriously wounded in the Battle of Pampeluna. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (19 May 2025) Today's historical events: Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. John II of Castile defeats the Infantes of Aragon at the First Battle of Olmedo. French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships, 110 men, and Chief Donnacona's two sons (whom Cartier had kidnapped during his first voyage). Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII of England, is beheaded for adultery, treason, and incest. Thirty Years' War: French forces under the duc d'Enghien decisively defeat Spanish forces at the Battle of Rocroi, marking the symbolic end of Spain as a dominant land power. An Act of Parliament declaring England a Commonwealth is passed by the Long Parliament. England would be a republic for the next eleven years. The Invasion of Jamaica begins during the Anglo-Spanish War. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (18 May 2025) Today's historical events: Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 47. His first coronation was 28 years earlier, in 844, during the reign of his father Lothair I. First Crusade: Around 800 Jews are massacred in Worms, Germany. The future Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. He would become king two years later, after the death of his cousin once removed King Stephen of England. The Principality of Antioch, a crusader state, falls to the Mamluk Sultan Baibars in the Siege of Antioch. Fall of Acre, the end of Crusader presence in the Holy Land. Bruges Matins, the nocturnal massacre of the French garrison in Bruges by members of the local Flemish militia. During the Battle of Buyur Lake, General Lan Yu leads a Ming army forward to crush the Mongol hordes of Tögüs Temür, the Khan of Northern Yuan. Alonso de Ojeda sets sail from Cádiz on his voyage to what is now Venezuela. The Great Siege of Malta begins, in which Ottoman forces attempt and fail to conquer Malta. Playwright Thomas Kyd's accusations of heresy lead to an arrest warrant for Christopher Marlowe. In Dorchester, Massachusetts, John Winthrop takes the oath of office and becomes the first Governor of Massachusetts. The 1695 Linfen earthquake in Shannxi, Ming dynasty causes extreme damage and kills at least 52,000 people. The Seven Years' War begins when Great Britain declares war on France. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (17 May 2025) Today's historical events: Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Florida with 600 men - by 1536 only 4 survive. George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford and four other men are executed for treason. Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's marriage is annulled. Anne of Denmark is crowned Queen of Scotland. Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve (1612-1676) founds the Ville Marie de Montréal. Emperor Ferdinand III defeats Maximilian I of Bavaria in the Battle of Zusmarshausen. Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette begin exploring the Mississippi River. Seven Years' War formally begins when Great Britain declares war on France French forces besieging Quebec retreat after the Royal Navy arrives to relieve the British garrison. The New York Stock Exchange is formed under the Buttonwood Agreement. Muhammad Ali becomes Wāli of Egypt. Emperor Napoleon I orders the annexation of the Papal States to the French Empire. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (16 May 2025) Today's historical events: Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. Having been elected on May 9, Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Gov. Thado of Mohnyin becomes king of Ava. The Florentines drive out the Medici for a second time and Florence re-establishes itself as a republic. Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees to England. Santiago de Vera becomes sixth Governor-General of the Spanish colony of the Philippines. The Battle of Vasai concludes as the Marathas defeat the Portuguese army. The 14-year-old Marie Antoinette marries 15-year-old Louis-Auguste, who later becomes king of France. The Battle of Alamance, a pre-American Revolutionary War battle between local militia and a group of rebels called The "Regulators", occurs in present-day Alamance County, North Carolina. Peninsular War: The allies Spain, Portugal and United Kingdom, defeat the French at the Battle of Albuera. Imperial Russia signs the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the Russo-Turkish War. The Ottoman Empire cedes Bessarabia to Russia. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (15 May 2025) Today's historical events: Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbogast. He is found hanging in his residence at Vienne. King Authari marries Theodelinda, daughter of the Bavarian duke Garibald I. A Catholic, she has great influence among the Lombard nobility. Abd al-Rahman I, the founder of the Arab dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries, becomes emir of Cordova, Spain. Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull ad extirpanda, which authorizes, but also limits, the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition. Insurgent peasants led by Anabaptist pastor Thomas Müntzer were defeated at the Battle of Frankenhausen, ending the German Peasants' War in the Holy Roman Empire. Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, stands trial in London on charges of treason, adultery and incest; she is condemned to death by a specially-selected jury. Cape Cod sighted by English navigator Bartholomew Gosnold. Johannes Kepler confirms his previously rejected discovery of the third law of planetary motion (he first discovered it on March 8 but soon rejected the idea after some initial calculations were made). The Peace of Münster is ratified, by which Spain acknowledges Dutch sovereignty. Opening of the first private mental health hospital in the United States, the Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason (now Friends Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (14 May 2025) Today's historical events: Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, making Simon de Montfort the effective ruler of England. Battle of Agnadello: In northern Italy, French forces defeat the Republic of Venice. English colonists establish "James Fort," which would become Jamestown, Virginia, the earliest permanent English settlement in the Americas. The Protestant Union, a coalition of Protestant German states, is founded to defend the rights, land and safety of each member against the Catholic Church and Catholic German states. Henry IV of France is assassinated by Catholic zealot François Ravaillac, and Louis XIII ascends the throne. Four-year-old Louis XIV becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Louis XIII. War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral George Anson defeats the French at the First Battle of Cape Finisterre. Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox inoculation. The 6th United States Congress recesses, and the process of moving the Federal government of the United States from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C., begins the following day. William Clark and 42 men depart from Camp Dubois to join Meriwether Lewis at St Charles, Missouri, marking the beginning of the Lewis & Clark Expedition's historic journey up the Missouri River. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (13 May 2025) Today's historical events: Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book Revelations of Divine Love. Amerigo Vespucci, this time under Portuguese flag, set sail for western lands. Mary Queen of Scots is defeated at Battle of Langside, part of Civil war between Queen Mary and Regent Moray. Famous sword duel between Miyamoto Musashi and Sasaki Kojiro on the shores of Ganryū Island. Kojiro dies at the end. Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after being convicted of treason. Venetian fleet under Admiral Cort Adeler beats Turkish. War of the Bavarian Succession: Russian and French mediators at the Congress of Teschen negotiate an end to the war. In the agreement Austria receives the part of its territory that was taken from it (the Innviertel). The Cumberland Compact is signed by leaders of the settlers in the Cumberland River area of what would become the U.S. state of Tennessee, providing for democratic government and a formal system of justice. Forces sent by Yusuf Karamanli of Tripoli to retake Derna from the Americans attack the city. Ecuador gains its independence from Gran Colombia. Mexican-American War: The United States declares war on the Federal Republic of Mexico following a dispute over the American annexation of the Republic of Texas and a Mexican military incursion. American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the Confederacy as having belligerent rights. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (12 May 2025) Today's historical events: Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang dynasty after nearly three hundred years of rule. Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre in Cyprus; she is crowned Queen consort of England the same day. Jagiellonian University, the oldest university in Poland, is founded in Kraków. Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. The Prince of Anhua rebellion begins when Zhu Zhifan kills all the officials invited to a banquet and declares his intent on ousting the powerful Ming dynasty eunuch Liu Jin during the reign of the Zhengde Emperor. National University of San Marcos, the oldest university in the Americas, is founded in Lima, Peru. French Wars of Religion: Henry III of France flees Paris after Henry I, Duke of Guise, enters the city and a spontaneous uprising occurs. London playwright Thomas Kyd is arrested and tortured by the Privy Council for libel. Maria Theresa of Austria is crowned Queen of Bohemia after defeating her rival, Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor. Heinrich XI, count of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz, is elevated to Prince by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. American Revolutionary War: In the largest defeat of the Continental Army, Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (11 May 2025) Today's historical events: Constantinople is consecrated. A copy of the Diamond Sutra is printed in China, making it the oldest known dated printed book. War of the Austrian Succession: French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army. Robert Gray commands the first expedition to sail into the Columbia River. Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. William Lawson, Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth discover a route across the Blue Mountains, opening up inland Australia to settlement. President James K. Polk asked for a Declaration of War against Mexico, starting the Mexican-American War. Indian Rebellion of 1857: Indian rebels seize Delhi from the British. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (10 May 2025) Today's historical events: Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England pending the selection of a king. Jacques Cartier visits Newfoundland. King Narai nominates Phetracha as regent, leading to the revolution of 1688 in which Phetracha becomes king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. Rioting occurs in London after John Wilkes is imprisoned for writing an article for The North Briton severely criticizing King George III. The Parliament of Great Britain passes the Tea Act, designed to save the British East India Company by reducing taxes on its tea and granting it the right to sell tea directly to North America. The legislation leads to the Boston Tea Party. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette become King and Queen of France. American Revolutionary War: A small Colonial militia led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold captures Fort Ticonderoga. War of the First Coalition: Napoleon wins a victory against Austrian forces at Lodi bridge over the Adda River in Italy. The Austrians lose some 2,000 men. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (09 May 2025) Today's historical events: Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. England and Portugal formally ratify their alliance with the signing of the Treaty of Windsor, making it the oldest diplomatic alliance in the world which is still in force. 'Abd al-Latif (Timurid monarch) is assassinated. Hernando de Alarcón sets sail on an expedition to the Gulf of California. The figure who later became Mr. Punch makes his first recorded appearance in England. Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal England's Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. Five men arrested during a raid on Mother Clap's molly house in London are executed at Tyburn. Second Schleswig War: The Danish navy defeats the Austrian and Prussian fleets in the Battle of Heligoland. American Civil War: Nathan Bedford Forrest surrenders his forces at Gainesville, Alabama. American Civil War: President Andrew Johnson issues a proclamation ending belligerent rights of the rebels and enjoining foreign nations to intern or expel Confederate ships. Der Krach: Vienna stock market crash heralds the Long Depression. Mihail Kogălniceanu reads, in the Chamber of Deputies, the Declaration of Independence of Romania. This day became the Independence Day of Romania. Australia opens its first national parliament in Melbourne. The works of Gabriele D'Annunzio are placed in the Index of Forbidden Books by the Vatican. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (08 May 2025) Today's historical events: Emperor Honorius signs an edict providing tax relief for the Italian provinces Tuscia, Campania, Picenum, Samnium, Apulia, Lucania and Calabria, which were plundered by the Visigoths. Reccared I opens the Third Council of Toledo, marking the entry of Visigothic Spain into the Catholic Church. Treaty of Brétigny drafted between King Edward III of England and King John II of France (the Good). Julian of Norwich, a Christian mystic and anchoress, experiences the deathbed visions described in her Revelations of Divine Love. Joan of Arc lifts the Siege of Orléans, turning the tide of the Hundred Years' War. Kentishmen revolt against King Henry VI. Hernando de Soto stops near present-day Walls, Mississippi, and sees the Mississippi River (then known by the Spanish as Río de Espíritu Santo, the name given to it by Alonso Álvarez de Pineda in 1519). A newly nationalized silver mine in Scotland at Hilderston, West Lothian is re-opened by Bevis Bulmer. William Coddington founds Newport, Rhode Island. The Battle of Peshawar where the Marathas defeated Timur Shah Abdali (Durrani) and Peshawar was captured and annexed into the Maratha Empire thus extending the Maratha Empire to its farthest distance away from Pune that it ever reached - over 2000 km - almost to the borders of Afghanistan. King Louis XVI of France attempts to impose the reforms of Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne by abolishing the parlements. Branded a traitor during the Reign of Terror, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, who was also a tax collector with the Ferme générale, is tried, convicted and guillotined in one day in Paris. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (07 May 2025) Today's historical events: The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt. In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens to regulate the election of the Pope. The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista. The Burning of Edinburgh by an English army is the first action of the Rough Wooing. Inaugural celebrations begin at Louis XIV of France's new Palace of Versailles. Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces. Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed by fire. It is replaced in the 18th century by the current Royal Palace. The city of New Orleans is founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville. Pontiac's War begins with Pontiac's attempt to seize Fort Detroit from the British. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (06 May 2025) Today's historical events: Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Spanish. Francis Xavier reaches Old Goa, the capital of Portuguese India at the time. The Dutch city of Coevorden held by the Spanish, falls to a Dutch and English force. English Restoration: A faction of the British Army removes Richard Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth and reinstalls the Rump Parliament. Louis XIV of France moves his court to the Palace of Versailles. Battle of Prague: A Prussian army fights an Austrian army in Prague during the Seven Years' War. The end of Konbaung-Hanthawaddy War, and the end of Burmese Civil War (1740-1757). English poet Christopher Smart is admitted into St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics in London, beginning his six-year confinement to mental asylums. Construction begins on the Grand Palace, the royal residence of the King of Siam in Bangkok, at the command of King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices